Explanation the role of standardization in the proposed solutions for privacy protection in health data
Subject Areas : Information and Knowledge Technology
batool mehrshad
1
(Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)
Mohammad mehraeen
2
(Economics and Administrative sciences/ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)
Mohammad Khansari
3
(University of Tehran)
saeed mortazavi
4
(Department of Management, Economics and Administrative sciences Ferdowsi University of Mashhad)
Keywords: standardization, privacy, e-health, 4th and 5th generation healthcare systems,
Abstract :
Introduction: Due to the importance of data sharing in the digital era and the two main considerations related to it that are; standardization and privacy protection,this article aims to answer a critical question that is,does standardization play a role in the proposed solutions for health data privacy protection? Methods: The present study is a systematic review conducted by searching databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Magiran and SID and by applying a time limit filter.After applying the criteria for inclusion and exclusion and evaluating the results,relevant studies were selected. Findings: Articles addressing standardization and privacy protection in health data have been analyzed by taking 5 indicators into account. The need for standardization and its role to preserve privacy in health data have also been explained by examining the findings and discussing various laws related to privacy in the health field and its relationship with standardization.After the investigation,our study reveals that due to the technical structure of the fourth and fifth generation of health care, which has facilitated standardization, privacy protection can also be achieved through standardization.Finally,directions for future research on this topic are also suggested. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the fourth- and fifth-generation health care systems that are technology-oriented; are formed based on standards,and these standards provide the possibility of their evaluation. Thus if laws related to health data privacy protection are developed based on standards,they will have a high execution guarantee. This further highlights the critical role of standard development organizations in this field.
1. Hathaliya JJ, Tanwar S. An exhaustive survey on security and privacy issues in Healthcare 4.0. Computer Communications. 2020;153:311-35.
2. Sony M, Antony J, McDermott O. The Impact of Healthcare 4.0 on the Healthcare Service Quality: A Systematic Literature Review. Hospital Topics. 2022:1-17.
3. Mbunge E, Muchemwa B, Batani J. Sensors and healthcare 5.0: transformative shift in virtual care through emerging digital health technologies. Global Health Journal. 2021;5(4):169-77.
4. Zegers CM, Witteveen A, Schulte MH, Henrich JF, Vermeij A, Klever B, et al. Mind your data: Privacy and legal matters in eHealth. JMIR formative research. 2021;5(3):e17456.
5. Bandeira N, Deutsch EW, Kohlbacher O, Martens L, Vizcaíno JA. Data management of sensitive human proteomics data: current practices, recommendations, and perspectives for the future. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2021;20.
6. Sarabdeen J, Chikhaoui E, Ishak MMM. Creating standards for Canadian health data protection during health emergency–An analysis of privacy regulations and laws. Heliyon. 2022:e09458.
7. Raisi Dezaki L , Ghasemzadeh Liasi F . Challenges of Iran's legal system in violation of personal data and privacy in cyber space. 2020. [In Persian]
8. Owsat A, Emam SM, Vaziri M.. Examining the laws and guaranteeing the execution of crimes against the privacy of cyberspace users in Iran. Political sociology of Iran. 2020;12(3):1348-63.
9. Halfpenny W, Baxter SL. Towards effective data sharing in ophthalmology: data standardization and data privacy. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. 2022;33(5):418-24.
10. Mehrolhassani M , Yazdi-Feyzabadi V , Setayesh M , khajeh Z. Challenges of palliative medicine: a systematic literature review. Journal of Health Administration. 2021;24(3). [In Persian]
11. Vassolo RS, Mac Cawley AF, Tortorella GL, Fogliatto FS, Tlapa D, Narayanamurthy G. Hospital investment decisions in healthcare 4.0 technologies: Scoping review and framework for exploring challenges, trends, and research directions. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(8):e27571.
12. Milne-Ives M, de Cock C, Lim E, Shehadeh MH, de Pennington N, Mole G, et al. The effectiveness of artificial intelligence conversational agents in health care: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(10):e20346.
13. Kolasa K, Mazzi F, Leszczuk-Czubkowska E, Zrubka Z, Péntek M. State of the art in adoption of contact tracing apps and recommendations regarding privacy protection and public health: Systematic review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2021;9(6):e23250.
14. Alfawzan N, Christen M, Spitale G, Biller-Andorno N. Privacy, Data Sharing, and Data Security Policies of Women’s mHealth Apps: Scoping Review and Content Analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2022;10(5):e33735.
15. Ahsan MM, Siddique Z. Industry 4.0 in Healthcare: A systematic review. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights. 2022;2(1):100079.
16. Hutchings E, Loomes M, Butow P, Boyle FM. A systematic literature review of researchers’ and healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards the secondary use and sharing of health administrative and clinical trial data. Systematic Reviews. 2020;9(1):1-27.
17. Kiani M.M, Khanjankhani KH, Shirvani M, Ahmadi, B. Strengthening Primary Health Care in Iran: A Comprehensive Review. Quarterly Journal of Health Faculty and Health Research Institute. 2020;18(2):121-38. [In Persian]
18. Dorri Kafrani S, Zulfagharnasab A, Torabi F. Patterns of quality improvement in primary health care: a systematic review. Quarterly Journal of Health Faculty and Health Research Institute. 2020;17(2):169-82. [In Persian]
19. Salemi Najafabadi M, Fahim J, Abdulahzadeh S. standardization of technology; An opportunity or a threat against technological innovations? 2021. [In Persian]
20. Pournaghi S, Bayat M, Farjami Y. A new and secure scheme for sharing medical data based on blockchain technology and feature-based cryptography. Electronic and cyber defense. 2020;8(1):101-24. [In Persian]
21. Bahmaei J, Bastani P, Keshtkaran A, Mohammadpour M, Sarikhani Y. Implementation challenges of hospital accreditation with an approach to Iran: a critical review study. Journal of Health Research in Society. 2020;5(4):82-98. [In Persian]
22. Mahajan HB, Rashid AS, Junnarkar AA, Uke N, Deshpande SD, Futane PR, et al. Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records systems. Applied Nanoscience. 2022:1-14.
23. Ahmad I, Abdullah S, Ahmed A. IoT-fog-based healthcare 4.0 system using blockchain technology. The Journal of Supercomputing. 2022:1-22.
24. Kiourtis A, Mavrogiorgou A, Kyriazis D, editors. A Semantic Similarity Evaluation for Healthcare Ontologies Matching to HL7 FHIR Resources. MIE; 2020.
25. Rehman A, Abbas S, Khan M, Ghazal TM, Adnan KM, Mosavi A. A secure healthcare 5.0 system based on blockchain technology entangled with federated learning technique. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2022;150:106019.
26. Kiourtis A, Mavrogiorgou A, Vidakis K, Kyriazis D. Health record index: Secure access of cloud-stored healthcare data. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 2020;272:221-4.
27. Bani Issa W, Al Akour I, Ibrahim A, Almarzouqi A, Abbas S, Hisham F, et al. Privacy, confidentiality, security and patient safety concerns about electronic health records. International Nursing Review. 2020;67(2):218-30.
28. LaMonica HM, Roberts AE, Lee GY, Davenport TA, Hickie IB. Privacy practices of health information technologies: privacy policy risk assessment study and proposed guidelines. Journal of medical Internet research. 2021;23(9):e26317.
29. Tovino SA. Privacy and security issues with mobile health research applications. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2020;48(1_suppl):154-8.
30. Adarmouch L, Felaefel M, Wachbroit R, Silverman H. Perspectives regarding privacy in clinical research among research professionals from the Arab region: an exploratory qualitative study. BMC medical ethics. 2020;21(1):1-16.
31. Yaqoob T, Abbas H, Shafqat N. Integrated security, safety, and privacy risk assessment framework for medical devices. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2019;24(6):1752-61.
32. Blobel B, editor Application of industry 4.0 concept to health care. pHealth 2020: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health; 2020: IOS Press.
33. Shrivastava U, Song J, Han BT, Dietzman D. Do data security measures, privacy regulations, and communication standards impact the interoperability of patient health information? A cross-country investigation. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2021;148:104401.
34. Savage M, Savage LC. Doctors routinely share health data electronically under HIPAA, and sharing with patients and patients’ third-party health apps is consistent: interoperability and privacy analysis. Journal of medical Internet research. 2020;22(9):e19818.
35. Schultchen D, Terhorst Y, Holderied T, Stach M, Messner E-M, Baumeister H, et al. Stay present with your phone: A systematic review and standardized rating of mindfulness apps in european app stores. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2021;28(5):552-60.
36. Gruendner J, Gulden C, Kampf M, Mate S, Prokosch H-U, Zierk J. A framework for criteria-based selection and processing of fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR) data for statistical analysis: design and implementation study. JMIR medical informatics. 2021;9(4):e25645.
37. Tapuria A, Porat T, Kalra D, Dsouza G, Xiaohui S, Curcin V. Impact of patient access to their electronic health record: systematic review. Informatics for Health and Social Care. 2021;46(2):194-206.
38. Alam MT, Raza K. Blockchain technology in healthcare: making digital healthcare reliable, more accurate, and revolutionary. Translational Bioinformatics in Healthcare and Medicine: Elsevier; 2021. p. 81-96.
39. Hassan MU, Rehmani MH, Chen J. Differential privacy in blockchain technology: A futuristic approach. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 2020;145:50-74.
40. Jain G, Jain A. Blockchain for 5G-enabled networks in healthcare service based on several aspects. Blockchain Applications for Healthcare Informatics: Elsevier; 2022. p. 471-93.
41. Rahman A, Hossain M, Muhammad G, Kundu D, Debnath T, Rahman M, et al. Federated learning-based AI approaches in smart healthcare: concepts, taxonomies, challenges and open issues. Cluster Computing. 2022:1-41.
42. Bukowski M, Farkas R, Beyan O, Moll L, Hahn H, Kiessling F, et al. Implementation of eHealth and AI integrated diagnostics with multidisciplinary digitized data: are we ready from an international perspective? European radiology. 2020;30(10):5510-24.
43. Persons KR, Nagels J, Carr C, Mendelson DS, Primo H, Fischer B, et al. Interoperability and considerations for standards-based exchange of medical images: HIMSS-SIIM collaborative white paper. Journal of Digital Imaging. 2020;33(1):6-16.
44. Mossadegh Rad A,Heydari M,Isfahani P. Strategies to strengthen Iran's primary health care system: a realistic review. Quarterly Journal of Health Faculty and Health Research Institute. 2022;19(3):237-58.
45. Abbasi A. The extent of patient privacy in cyberspace. Scientific Research Journal of Medical Law. 2020;14(54):115-30.
46. Masoudi O. Users' right to electronic surveillance and privacy protection in the information society. Media studies. 2020;15(No.3):7-19.
47. Shahriari H. Criticism and review of four definitions of privacy from the perspective of moral philosophy in the West. 2020.
48. Tayebeh Hasan Tehrani1, Sadat Seyed Bagher Maddah2, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Mohammadi Shahbooulaghi F, Ebadi A. Consequences of respecting the privacy of hospitalized patients: a qualitative content analysis. Ibn Sina Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2020;27(6):441-50.
49. Salemi Najafabadi M, Abdulahzadeh S, Fahim J. Identifying and ranking the opportunities resulting from the standardization strategy in the country's defense industries. 2020.
50. Ramezani broujeni S, Bakhtiari Chehelcheshmeh Sh, Heidarian Sh. Deduplication of outsourced cloud data and maintaining its confidentiality using identity-based encryption method. Scientific-research journal of soft computing and information technology. 2020;9(4):1-15.
51. Ronaghi1 MH, Mohammadi H. Identification and ranking of ethical issues of Internet of Things in medical sciences using Swara method. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics. 2020;7(4):25-32.
52. Llorente S, Delgado J. Implementation of Privacy and Security for a Genomic Information System Based on Standards. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022;12(6):915.
53. Wettstein R, Hund H, Fegeler C, Heinze O, editors. Data Sharing in Distributed Architectures-Concept and Implementation in HiGHmed. GMDS; 2021.
54. Fadrique LX, Rahman D, Vaillancourt H, Boissonneault P, Donovska T, Morita PP. Overview of policies, guidelines, and standards for active assisted living data exchange: Thematic analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8(6):e15923.
55. Llorens-Vernet P, Miró J. Standards for mobile health–related apps: systematic review and development of a guide. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020;8(3):e13057.
56. Aliabadi A, Sheikhtaheri A, Ansari H. Electronic health record–based disease surveillance systems: a systematic literature review on challenges and solutions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2020;27(12):1977-86.
57. Gudi N, Kamath P, Chakraborty T, Jacob AG, Parsekar SS, Sarbadhikari SN, et al. Regulatory Frameworks for Clinical Trial Data Sharing: Scoping Review. Journal of medical Internet research. 2022;24(5):e33591.
58. Yanyan F, Zhuoxin W, Shanshan D, Hekai L, Fuzhi W. The function and quality of individual epidemic prevention and control apps during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of Chinese apps. International journal of medical informatics. 2022:104694.
59. Pai MM, Ganiga R, Pai RM, Sinha RK. Standard electronic health record (EHR) framework for Indian healthcare system. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology. 2021;21(3):339-62.
60. Gleiss A, Lewandowski S. Removing barriers for digital health through organizing ambidexterity in hospitals. Journal of Public Health. 2022;30(1):21-35.
61. Oh S-R, Seo Y-D, Lee E, Kim Y-G. A comprehensive survey on security and privacy for electronic health data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(18):9668.
62. Elhoseny M, Thilakarathne NN, Alghamdi MI, Mahendran RK, Gardezi AA, Weerasinghe H, et al. Security and privacy issues in medical internet of things: overview, countermeasures, challenges and future directions. Sustainability. 2021;13(21):11645.
63. El Majdoubi D, El Bakkali H, Sadki S, Maqour Z, Leghmid A. The Systematic Literature Review of Privacy-Preserving Solutions in Smart Healthcare Environment. Security and Communication Networks. 2022;2022
64. Ghofrani F, Amini M. A privacy-preserving dynamic access control model with the ability to delegate access in electronic health. 2020. [In Persian]
65. Norozy R, Shojaei S, Samiee R, Saeedi P. Scenario planning for the future of Iran's standardization system in the field of production technology. Organizational Culture Management. 2020;18(1). [In Persian]
66. Salemi Najafabadi M, Fahim J, Abdulahzadeh S. Effective strategic standardization to accelerate the development of industrial technology in the country. Industrial Technology Development Quarterly. 2020;18(42):3-16. [In Persian]
67. Abdolah Zadeh A, Hajipour Kandroud A. Analysis of e-government challenges with citizens' information privacy. Quarterly scientific research journal of administrative law. 2022;9(31):168-90. [In Persian]
68. Badini H, Karmi H. A comparative study of the responsibilities of the entity requesting the processing, the controller and the processor under the European regulations for the protection of personal data and the "Protection and protection of personal data" bill. Legal Research Quarterly. 2021;24(95):137-58. [In Persian]
69. Aghdasi F, Mohaghagh Damad M. Legal dimensions of privacy in the Internet of Things. Interdisciplinary legal research. 2021;6(2):50-67. [In Persian]
70. Ghazi Saeedi M, Tanhapour M. Mandatory medical system in today's world. health benefits 2022;15(5):490-507. [In Persian]