درک اعتماد اولیه کاربران به شبکه¬های اجتماعی
محورهای موضوعی :محسن اکبری 1 * , کامران زاهدفر 2 , زهرا ایاغ 3
1 - عضو هیات علمی
2 - دانشگاه تهران
3 - دانشگاه گیلان
کلید واژه: اعتماد اولیه, خودکارآمدی, فیسبوک, مدل بسط احتمالی,
چکیده مقاله :
شبکه های اجتماعی یکی از انواع رسانه های اجتماعی محسوب می شوند که در سال های اخیر در زندگی کاربران اینترنتی آنچنان تأثیرگذار بوده اند که شکل های ارتباطات اجتماعی نیز از این رسانه های جدید تأثیر پذیرفته است و در آینده نقش به مراتب مهم تری را بازی خواهند کرد. از سوی دیگر اعتماد یکی از عوامل اصلی ایجاد رضایت و تکرار استفاده ی کاربران از خدمات برخط است. لذا این پژوهش مدل بسط احتمالی را برای شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر اعتماد اولیه کاربران به شبکه های اجتماعی (فیسبوک) به کار گرفته است و بیان می کند که کاربران از طریق دو مسیر مرکزی و جانبی نگرش خود را تغییر می دهند. نشانه‌های مرکزی شامل کیفیت اطلاعات و کیفیت خدمات و نشانه‌های جانبی شامل کیفیت سیستم، امنیت ساختاری و شهرت هستند. خودکارآمدی اثرات نشانه‌های مرکزی و نشانه‌های جانبی را بر اعتماد اولیه تعدیل می کند. جامعه آماري این پژوهش، کاربران ایرانی فیسبوک می باشند. داده های مورد نیاز پژوهش از طریق ارتباط با صفحات شخصی افراد و صفحات عمومی (مربوط به گروه ها، شهرها، فعالیت ها، دانشگاه ها و ...) فعال در این شبکه ی اجتماعی جمع آوری گردید. بدین منظور لینک پرسشنامه ی آنلاین طراحی شده بر روی تارنمای docs.google.com در اختیار آنان قرار گرفت. در این پرسشنامه از مقیاس ٥ گزینه ای لیکرت از کاملاً مخالفم (1) تا کاملاً موافقم (5) استفاده شد و در پایان تعداد ٤٠۶ پرسشنامه جمع آوری گردید که با توجه به جدول جرسی و مورگان، برای انجام پژوهش در جامعه ی بی نهایت، مطلوب می-باشد. روایی پرسشنامه از طریق نظرخواهی از خبرگان و اساتید دانشگاه و پایایی آن از طریق محاسبه ی آلفای کرونباخ تأمین گردید و نشان دهنده ی حد مطلوب پایایی است. داده ها با نرم افزار آماری SmartPLS2 تحلیل شد. طبق نتایج به دست آمده از میان متغیرهای مستقل این پژوهش خودکارآمدی، شهرت و امنیت ساختاری به ترتیب با ضریب مسیر 47/0، 23/0 و 20/0 بیشترین اثر را بر اعتماد اولیه دارند و کیفیت سیستم کمترین اثر را بر اعتماد اولیه با مقدار 07/0 دارد. همچنین نتایج بیانگر این مطلب بوده که خودکارآمدی تنها اثر کیفیت سیستم را بر اعتماد اولیه تعدیل می کند. بنابرین از آن جایی که خودکارآمدی جدای از نقش تعدیل گریش به طور مستقیم نیز بیشترین تأثیر را بر اعتماد اولیه دارد؛ طراحان شبکه های اجتماعی باید به این عامل توجه ویژه ای داشته باشند؛ به گونه ای که یادگیری آن آسان و فرآیند استفاده از آن برای کابران واضح و قابل فهم باشد.
Social networks are one of the types of social media which in recent years has been influential in the lives of internet users so that forms of social communication is influenced by the new media and in the future will play a more important role. On the other hand the trust is one of the major causes of satisfaction and repeat use of the online service.This research employs elaboration likelihood model to identify the factors affecting the users’ initial trust in Facebook and it express that users change their attitude via a dual route including central route and peripheral route. Central cues include information quality and service quality, whereas peripheral cues include system quality, structural assurance and reputation. Self-efficacy moderates the effects of central cues and peripheral cues on initial trust. The populations of this study are Iranian users on Facebook. Data for this study through contacts with personal pages and pages of general (relating to groups, cities, activities, university, etc.) active in the social network were collected. For this purpose, link of online questionnaire to provide them on the website docs.google.com. In this questionnaire was used a five -point Likert scale from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) and finally 406 questionnaires were collected according to schedule and Morgan Jersey, which are well to conduct research in the infinite. Questionnaire validity by the opinions of experts and university professors and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha were provided and represents optimum reliability. Data were analyzed with Smart PLS statistical software. According to the results of the independent variables in this study, self-efficacy, reputation and structural assurance respectively with path coefficient 0.47, 0.23 and 0.2 have the greatest effect on the initial trust and system quality has minimal impact on initial trust with amount 0.07. The results also indicate that self-efficacy moderates the effect of system quality on initial trust. Therefore, since the self-efficacy apart from the moderating role directly also has the greatest impact on initial trust; social network designers should be a special attention to this factor so that it's learn is easy and it's use process is clear and understandable for users.
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