ارائه یک مدل کارآفرینی مبتنی بر مولفههای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (مورد مطالعه و بررسی: کشورهای منتخب عضو اوپک پلاس)
محورهای موضوعی : فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات
امیر حسین پور
1
,
غلامرضا رضایی
2
*
,
علی بدیع زاده
3
1 - گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری- دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد قزوین- قزوین- ایران
2 - گروه اقتصاد- دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری- دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد قزوین- قزوین - ایران
3 - گروه مدیریت کارآفرینی- دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری- دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد قزوین- قزوین - ایران
کلید واژه: کارآفرینی, فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات, سهولت فضای کسبوکار, نوآوری, کشورهای اوپک پلاس,
چکیده مقاله :
این پژوهش نشان میدهد که فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و مولفههای آن چگونه بر کارآفرینی کشورهای که متکی بر منابع طبیعی بوده و با چالشهای نهادی و اقتصادی در تنوعبخشی ساختار اقتصادی خود مواجه هستند، میتواند اثرگذار باشد. لذا، ابتدا با استفاده از روش فراترکیب به طراحی مدل و سپس با استفاده از دادههای پانل مربوط به سالهای 2008 تا 2023 و روش مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در قالب تحلیل مسیر، اثرات مؤلفههای مهم فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر فعالیت کارآفرینی با میانجیگری تسهیل فضای کسبوکار و نوآوری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که زیرساخت فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و استفاده فردی از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری بر کارآفرینی دارند. در مقابل، اگرچه استفاده دولتی و استفاده کسبوکارها تأثیر مستقیمی ندارند، اما از طریق کانال تسهیل فضای کسبوکار، اثر غیرمستقیم مثبت و معناداری بر کارآفرینی میگذارند. یافتهای حائز اهمیت و خلاف مبانی تئوریک این بود که نوآوری تأثیر معناداری بر فعالیت کارآفرینانه ندارد، که نشاندهنده چالش جدی در تجاریسازی دستاوردهای نوآورانه و نارسایی در انتقال دانش به اکوسیستم کارآفرینی (بنگاههای کوچک و متوسط) در این کشورها است. همچنین، مهارتهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات هیچ مسیر مستقیم یا غیرمستقیم معناداری بر کارآفرینی از خود نشان نداد. یافتهها تأکید میکنند که سرمایهگذاری در فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به تنهایی کافی نیست و سیاستگذاری در اوپک پلاس باید بر اصلاحات نهادی در جهت تسهیل فضای کسبوکار و همچنین رفع نارساییهای مربوط به مهارت و تجاریسازی نوآوری تمرکز کند تا به اهداف تنوعبخشی اقتصادی دست یابد.
This research investigates how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and its components affect entrepreneurship in countries reliant on natural resources and facing institutional and economic challenges in diversifying their economic structure. Initially, a conceptual model was designed using the meta-synthesis method. Subsequently, using panel data for the years 2008 to 2023 and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach via path analysis, the effects of key ICT components on entrepreneurial activity, mediated by the facilitation of the business environment and innovation, were evaluated. The results demonstrated that ICT infrastructure and individual ICT usage have a direct and significant positive impact on entrepreneurship. Conversely, although government and business ICT usage do not have a direct effect, they exert a significant positive indirect effect on entrepreneurship through the channel of business environment facilitation. A significant finding, contrary to theoretical assumptions, was that innovation has no significant effect on entrepreneurial activity. This suggests a serious challenge in commercializing innovative achievements and a failure in knowledge transfer to the entrepreneurial ecosystem (Small and Medium Enterprises) in these nations. Furthermore, ICT skills showed no significant direct or indirect pathway to entrepreneurship. The findings emphasize that investment in ICT alone is insufficient. Policy-making in OPEC+ countries must focus on institutional reforms aimed at facilitating the business environment, as well as addressing deficiencies related to skills and innovation commercialization to achieve economic diversification goals.
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