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Yao, "Deep‐learning–based method for faults classification of PV system," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 193-205, 2021.S.-D. Lu, M.-H. Wang, S.-E. Wei, H.-D. Liu, and C.-C. Wu, "Photovoltaic module fault detection based on a convolutional neural network," Processes, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 1635, 2021. I. S. Ramírez, J. R. P. Chaparro, and F. P. G. Márquez, "Machine Learning techniques implemented in IoT platform for fault detection in photovoltaic panels," in 2021 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing, and Technologies (3ICT), 2021, pp. 429-434: IEEE. Z. Yi and A. H. Etemadi, "Line-to-line fault detection for photovoltaic arrays based on multiresolution signal decomposition and two-stage support vector machine," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 11, pp. 8546-8556, 2017. A. Y. Appiah, X. Zhang, B. B. K. Ayawli, and F. Kyeremeh, "Long short-term memory networks based automatic feature extraction for photovoltaic array fault diagnosis," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 30089-30101, 2019. M. N. Akram and S. Lotfifard, "Modeling and health monitoring of DC side of photovoltaic array," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1245-1253, 2015. S. R. Madeti and S. Singh, "A comprehensive study on different types of faults and detection techniques for solar photovoltaic system," Solar Energy, vol. 158, pp. 161-185, 2017. V. Kongphet, A. Migan-Dubois, C. Delpha, D. Diallo, and J.-Y. Lechenadec, "Photovoltaic Fault Detection and Diagnosis: Which Level of Granularity for PV Modeling?," in 2020 Prognostics and Health Management Conference (PHM-Besançon), 2020, pp. 180-186: IEEE. M. Köntges et al., "Review of failures of photovoltaic modules," 2014 S. R. Madeti and S. Singh, "Online modular level fault detection algorithm for grid-tied and off-grid PV systems," Solar Energy, vol. 157, pp. 349-364, 2017. A. Triki-Lahiani, A. B.-B. Abdelghani, and I. Slama-Belkhodja, "Fault detection and monitoring systems for photovoltaic installations: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 82, pp. 2680-2692, 2018. Y.-Y. Hong and R. A. Pula, "Methods of photovoltaic fault detection and classification: A review," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 5898-5929, 2022. [1] A. Dhoke, R. Sharma, and T. K. Saha, "A technique for fault detection, identification and location in solar photovoltaic systems," Solar Energy, vol. 206, pp. 864-874, 2020. [2] A. Jäger-Waldau, "Snapshot of photovoltaics—February 2020," Energies, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 930, 2020. [3] C. Buerhop, D. Schlegel, M. Niess, C. Vodermayer, R. Weißmann, and C. 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