رابطة عوامل و وجوه مدل پنج عاملي شخصيت با دينداري
الموضوعات : روان شناسیمهناز مغانلو 1 , مريم وفايي 2 , مهرناز شهرآراي 3
1 - دانشگاه تربيت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشگاه تربيت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشگاه تربيت معلم، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مدل پنج عاملي شخصيت, دينداري,
ملخص المقالة :
چكيده: در اين مطالعه، رابطة بین عوامل و وجوه مدل پنج عاملي شخصيت با متغيرهاي دينداري (عقايد و مناسك، اخلاق اسلامي، پذيرش حقيقت متعالي، و عدم پذيرشِ حقيقت متعالي) مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. بدين منظور، 378 دانشجو بهصورت تصادفي از بین دانشجویانِ دانشگاه تهران و دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، انتخاب شدند و پرسشنامة تجديدنظر شدة شخصيت نئو، پرسشنامة جهتگيري مذهبي، و پرسشنامة باورهاي پسا انتقادي دوريز بر آنها اجرا شدند. بر اساس نتايج تحليلهاي همبستگي پيرسون، همسو با تحقيقات قبلي، بين عوامل همسازی و وظیفهشناسی با بيشترِ متغيرهاي دينداري رابطة مثبت مشاهده شد. بهعلاوه، برونگرايي با تمام متغيرهاي دينداري، و تجربهپذيري تنها با اخلاق اسلامي رابطة مثبت داشتند، در حاليكه نوروزگرایی با تمام متغيرهاي دينداري رابطة منفي، ولي با عدم پذيرشِ حقيقت متعالي رابطة مثبت نشان داد. نتايج تحليل رگرسيون نيز نشان داد که از بين عوامل شخصيت، همسازی، وظیفهشناسی، و ثبات هيجاني، پيشبيني كنندههای اخلاق اسلامي هستند و از بين وجوه شخصيت، ركگويي، محتاط بودن در تصميمگيري، و شتابزدگي، پيشبيني كنندههاي اخلاق اسلامي و پذيرش حقيقت متعالي هستند.
آذربايجاني، مسعود (1382). تهيه و ساخت آزمون جهت¬گيري مذهبي با تكیه بر اسلام. چاپ اول. قم: پژوهشكده حوزه و دانشگاه.
سلطاني¬فر، علي (1383). بررسي ارتباط بين وضعيت¬هاي هويت و دينداري در دانش¬آموزان و دانشجويان. پايان¬نامة كارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه تربيت معلم.
فراهاني، فرزاد و فتوحي، محمد (1382). مطالعة لغوي عوامل شخصيت در زبان فارسي. مجله روانشناسي، سال چهارم، شماره 3، 204-183.
گروسي فرشي، ميرتقي (1377). هنجاريابي پرسشنامه پنج عاملي شخصيت. پايان¬نامه كارشناسي ارشد، دانشگاه تربيت مدرس.
گلزاري، محمود (1379). ساخت و اعتباريابي مقياسي براي سنجش ويژگي¬هاي شخصيتي ـ رفتاري افراد مذهبي و رابطة اين خصوصيات با بهداشت رواني آنها. پايان¬نامة دكتري، دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432-443.
Argyle, M., & Hills, P. (2000). Religious experiences and their relationships with happiness and personality. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10, 157-172.
Chau, L. L., Johnson, R. C., Bowers, J. K., Darvil, T. J., & Danko, G. P. (1990). Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity as related to conscience, adjustment, and altruism. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 397-400.
Chlewinski, Z. (1984). Religiousness versus neuroticism and extraversion: Studies on the inhabitants of Zacisze. Studia Socjologiczne, 94, 179-197.
Choudhary, S. (1989). A study of the relationship between neuroticism and religiosity. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 5, 47-50.
Costa, P. T., Busch, C. M., Zonderman, A. B, & McCrae, R. R. (1986). Correlations of MMPI factor scales with measures of the five factor
model of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50, 640-650.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1995). Primary traits of Eysenck’s P-E-N system: Three- and five-factor solutions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 308-317.
Duriez, B., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2004). Personality, identity styles, and religiosity. An integrative study among late adolescents in Flanders (Belgium). Journal of Personality, 72, 877- 910.
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. (1968). A factorial study of psychoticism as a dimension of personality. Multivariate Behavioral Research, Special Issues, 3-15.
Eysenck, H. J., Barrett, P., Wilson, G., & Jackson, C. (1992). Primary trait measurement of the 21 components of the PEN system. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 8, 109-117.
Eysenck, M. W. (1998). Personality and the psychology of religion. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1, 11-22.
Francis, L. J. (1992). Is psychoticism really a dimension of personality fundamental to religiosity? Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 645-652.
Francis, L. J. (1993). Personality and religion among college students in the U.K. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 619-622.
Francis, L. J. (1997). Personality, prayer, and church attendance among undergraduate students. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 7, 127-132.
Francis, L.J., & Bolger, J. (1997). Personality, prayer, and church attendance in later life. Social Behavior and Personality, 25, 335-337.
Francis, L. J., Lewis, J. M., Brown, L. B., & Philip chalk, R. (1995). Personality and religion among undergraduate students in the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, and Canada. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 14, 250-262.
Francis, L. J., & Pearson, P. R. (1987). Religiosity and the short-scale EPQ-R
indices of E, N and L, compared with the JEPI, JEPQ and EPQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 653-657.
Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (1998). Positive moods derived from leisure and their relationship to happiness and personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 523-535.
Hills, P., Francis, L. J., Argyle, M., & Jackson, C. J. (2004). Primary personality trait correlates of religious practice and orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 61-73.
Huntley, C., & Peeters, T. (2005). Paranormal beliefs, religious beliefs, and personality correlates. www.ethesis.net/paranormal/paranormal.pdf.
Hutsebaut, D. (2000). Post-critical belief scales: Exploration of a possible developmental process. Journal of Empirical Theology, 13, 19-28.
Jorm, F. A., & Christensen, H. (2004). Religiosity and personality: Evidence for none-linear associations. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1433-1444.
Katigbak, M. S., & Church, A. T. (2002). Are indigenous personality dimensions cultures specific? Philippine Inventorories and the five factor model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 89-101.
Kirckpatrick, L. A. (1993). Fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, and intrinsic religious orientation as predictors of discriminatory attitudes. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32, 256-268.
Kosek, R. B. (1999). Adaptation of the Big Five as a hermeneutic instrument for religious constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 229-237.
Lewis, C. A., & Maltby, J. (1995). Religiosity and personality among U.S. adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 293-295.
Löckenhoff, C. E., Ironson, G. H., Cleirigh, C. O., & Costa, P. T. (2010). Five-factor model personality traits, spirituality/religiousness, and mental health among people living with HIV. Journal of Pres, 77, 1411-1436.
MacDonald, D. A. (2000). Spirituality: Description, measurement and relation to the Five Factor Model of personality. Journal of Personality, 68, 153-197.
Maltby, J. (1999). Religious orientation and Eysenck’s personality
dimensions: The use of the amended religious orientation scale to examine the relationship between religiosity, psychoticism, neuroticism, and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 79-84.
McCrae, R. R. (1999). Mainstream personality psychology and the study of religion. Journal of Personality, 67, 1208-1212.
McCrae, R. R. (2000). Trait personality and the revival of personality and culture studies. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 10-31.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1995). Trait explanations in personality psychology. European Journal of Personality, 9, 231-252.
Nauss, A. (1973). The ministerial personality: Myth or reality. Journal of Religion and Health, 12, 77-96.
Paloutzian, R. F, Richardson, J. T., & Rambo, L. R, (1999). Religious and personality change. Journal of Personality, 67, 1047-1079.
Peidmont, R. L. (1997). Does spirituality represent the sixth factor of personality? Spiritual transcendence and the five factor model. Journal of Personality, 67, 985-1013.
Pfeifer, S., & Waelty, U. (1995). Psychopathology and religious commitment: A controlled study. Psychopathology, 28, 70-77.
Robinson, T. N. (1990). Eysenck personality measures and religious orientation. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 915-921.
Saroglou, V. (2002). Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 15-25.
Saroglou, V., Muñoz-García A. (2008). Individual differences in religion and spirituality: An issue of personality traits and/or values. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47, 83-101.
Saucier, G., & Goldberg, L. R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five? Journal of Personality, 66, 495-524.
Schatte, J. W. & Hosch, M. H. (1966). Optimism, religiosity, and neuroticism across cultural study. Personality and Individual Differences, 20,239-244.
Siegman, A. W. (1963). A cross-cultural investigation of the relationship between introversion-extraversion, social attitudes and anti-social behavior. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 196-208.
Streyffeler, L. L., & Mcnally, R. J. (1998). Fundamentalist and liberal personality characteristics of protestant Christians. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 579-580.
Taylor, A. & McDonald, D. A. (1999). Religion and the five-factor model of personality: An exploratory investigation using a Canadian university sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 1243-1259.
Vassend, O. & Skrondal, A. (1995). Factor analytic studies of the NEO personality and the five factor model: The problem of high structural complexity and conceptual indeterminacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 135-147.
Wilde, A. & Joseph, S. (1997). Religiosity and personality in a Moslem context. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 899-900.
Wink P, Ciciolla L, Dillon M., & Tracy A. (2007). Religiousness, Spiritual Seeking, and Personality: Findings from a Longitudinal Study. Journal of Personality, 75, 1051-1070.
Wulff, D. M. (1997). Psychology of religion: Classic and contemporary. New York: Wiley.
Youtika, A., Joseph, S., & Diduca, D. (1999). Personality and religiosity in a Greek Christian Orthodox sample. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2, 71-74.